Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 12 (2009), Article 09.8.4

Some Trigonometric Identities Involving Fibonacci and Lucas Numbers


Kh. Bibak and M. H. Shirdareh Haghighi
Department of Mathematics
Shiraz University
Shiraz 71454
Iran

Abstract:

In this paper, using the number of spanning trees in some classes of graphs, we prove the identities:

\begin{eqnarray*}
&&F_n=\frac{2^{n-1}}{n}\sqrt{\prod_{k=1}^{n-1}(1-\cos\frac{k\...
...sin^2{\frac{k\pi}{n}})=L_{2n}-2=F_{2n+2}-F_{2n-2}-2,\;\;n\geq 1,
\end{eqnarray*}

where $F_n$ and $L_n$ denote the Fibonacci and Lucas numbers, respectively. Also, we give a new proof for the identity:

\begin{displaymath}F_n=\prod_{k=1}^{\lfloor\frac{n-1}{2}\rfloor}(1+4\sin^2{\frac...
...or\frac{n-1}{2}\rfloor}(1+4\cos^2{\frac{k\pi}{n}}),\;\;n\geq 4.\end{displaymath}


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(Concerned with sequences A000032 A000045.)

Received November 16 2009; revised version received November 26 2009. Published in Journal of Integer Sequences, November 29 2009.


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