We live in exciting and dangerous times. Exciting - because we understand so much more about the world today than we ever have before. We live in an immense cosmos that is 13.7 billion years old, a cosmos that is made up of an enormous number of fundamental particles. The particles come together to form about 100 chemical elements that make up everything in your bodies and this room. We live in a solar system that came into being from the ashes of dead stars 4.54 billion years ago. Earth, our home, orbits a sun that warms us through the reactions of nuclear fusion and will continue to do so for billions of years. All life is intimately related, having descended from a single living thing that arose about 3 billion years ago. We and the apes share a common ancestor that lived in Africa about 5 million years ago. All people are truly brothers and sisters, sharing the same genetic heritage. We know these things not because of prayer, or religious revelation, or sacred texts, or meditation, or sacrificing of goats, or altered states of consciousness, but because generations of scientists weren't afraid to question the dogmas of previous generations, sometimes losing their lives or their liberty in the process. Our scientific picture of the universe is now far grander and subtler than anything conceived by the authors of the Old Testament, the New Testament, and the Koran. And there is so much more to be discovered. Inner space -- the understanding of the brain and its functions -- has given us a picture of interacting subsystems, shaped by evolution, that may eventually give us a scientific understanding of religious belief, free will, and other conundrums that have baffled philosophers for ages. But we live in dangerous times, too. We are now confronted with threats more serious than ever before. The threat of global climate change, bringing significant disruptions to our lives, hangs over us. The plague of AIDS threatens to disrupt the entire continent of Africa. Nuclear proliferation brings the spectre of mass destruction, or a dirty bomb that could render major cities unliveable for thousands of years. Faced with these threats, what does fundamentalist religion offer us? My opponent offers the absurd and grotesque image of the supposed creator of the universe, the inventor of everything that ever was or will be, unwilling or unable to aid us with these significant threats to our survival, but ready to subdue agressive bulls or bring rabbits back to life for the cost of a brief prayer. The fundamentalist god is one that is obsessively and intrusively concerned with our sex lives, but apparently unwilling to allow us to perform experiments on stem cells to make life better for the sufferers of disease. When your model is wrong, you get the right answers only by accident. As Sam Harris wrote We live in an age in which most people believe that mere words -- "Jesus", "Allah", "Ram" - can mean the difference between eternal torment and bliss everlasting. Considering the stakes here, it is not surprising that many of us occasionally find it necessary to murder other human beings for using the wrong magic words, or the right ones for the wrong reasons. How can any person presume to know that this is the way the universe works? Because it says so in our holy books. How do we know that our holy books are free from error? Because the books *themselves* say so. Epistemological black holes of this sort are fast draining the light from our world. I am a provisional non-theist, someone who has not been convinced by the arguments of Christians, Jews, or Muslims for the existence of supernatural beings. But I am not the enemy of theists. On the contrary, if yours is a theism that is willing to acknowledge that your conception of god might be wrong, that your belief in a supreme being doesn't create any obligation on the part of non-believers, that your holy books are human artifacts that may be read metaphorically or might contain errors, that we should behave charitably towards our fellow humans because it is the right thing to do, and not because of threats of eternal torment -- then you are my brothers and sisters. Let us go and solve our problems by reasoning together, without relying on the dogmas of past ages. As Professor David Seljak of St. Jerome's University said, Christians ought to remember that normal, thinking people do not automatically see the sense in their claims. Indeed believers ought to be a minority. Even Paul says in his letter to the Corinthians. "but we preach Christ crucified: ...foolishness to Gentiles". This stuff is supposed to sound crazy to you guys. After all, we Catholics believe that if we eat the flesh and blood of a Jewish zombie who died 2000 years ago, our invisible friend in the sky will save us from death. :) Faith does not come "naturally"; that is why we call it a "gift". We should hardly be surprised when a number of people say, "no thank you, that sounds ridiculous." It seems to me that Christians should be a lot more humble about our truth claims and a whole heckuva lot more charitable to people who don't take them up." But if your sect is the enemy of rationalism -- if it requires that evolution be false, or that homosexuals be stoned or shunned or forbidden to teach elementary school or adopt children, or if you agree with Martin Luther that a lie that serves the one true Church is ethically acceptable, or (as my opponent admitted at a presentation here at Waterloo just a few months ago) that genocide is perfectly OK if God ordains it, then you're part of the problem, not part of the solution. As Stephen Weinberg said, "With or without religion, good people can behave well and bad people can do evil; but for good people to do evil---that takes religion." Lacking common ground, you can expect me, and other scientists, rationalists, atheists, freethinkers, and agnostics, to oppose you every step of the way. A new survey offers some faint hope. A September 24 study by the Barna Group, an evangelical pollster, shows that "among 16- to 29-year-olds ... a new generation is more skeptical of and resistant to Christianity than were people of the same age just a decade ago" . Will we remain children, consoled by the false promises of fundamentalist religion, slavishly adhering to the 2000-year-old dogmas of illiterate sheepherders, blindly following the prejudices and bigotry of past ages, or will we go forward together as adults to stand on our own, ready to face the future with reason and courage? Let's all pray that we make the right choice.